Atemporal Discourse as a Managerial Burden: Implications for Physics Teachers’ Time Management
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37891/kpej.v9i1.1103Abstract
The Merdeka Curriculum idealises the emergence of critical-thinking students. However, when high cognitive demands are present in textbooks, such as the features 'Let's Think Critically!' and 'Let's Discuss!', without transparent time allocation (atemporal), it creates threatening dissonance. This study reveals this paradox: why does idealistic discourse lead to unsupported managerial burdens for Physics teachers? This study aims to critically analyse the implications of the dimension of temporality (instructional time management) in the Merdeka Curriculum Physics textbook for Grade XII Senior High School/MA. Specifically, this study fills a research gap by highlighting the threat of time management uncertainty caused by features that demand high-level cognitive reasoning and discussion, namely 'Let's Reason Critically!' and 'Let's Discuss!'. Using Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), the primary data sources focused on imperative instructional units that were atemporal (did not specify duration) but demanded complex activities, such as quantitative analysis and evaluation of electrical circuit designs. The results showed a significant dissonance between the textbook's idealistic demands and the minimal managerial support. The 'Let's Think Critically!' and 'Let's Discuss!' features contain high cognitive demands but almost always lack clear time allocations. This gap (Demand Scale 5 vs. Support Scale 1) effectively shifts the burden of operational curriculum and emergency time management to teachers.
References
Akyıldız, S. T., & Ahmed, K. H. (2021). An Overview of Qualitative Research and Focus Group Discussion. International Journal of Academic Research in Education, 7(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.17985/ijare.866762
Alemu, M., Kind, V., Basheh, M., Michael, K., Atnafu, M., Kind, P., & Rajab, T. (2021). The Knowledge Gap Between Intended and Attained Curriculum in Ethiopian Teacher Education: Identifying Challenges for Future Development. Compare, 51(1), 81–98. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2019.1593107
Antonova, A. S., & Aksyonov, K. A. (2020). Analysis of the Methods for Accounting the Renewable and Non-renewable Resources in Scheduling. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1694(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1694/1/012005
Bean, J. C., & Melzer, D. (2021). Engaging Ideas : The Professor’s Guide to Integrating Writing, Critical Thinking, and Active Learning in The Classroom. Jossey-Bass.
Blommaert, J., & Bulcaen, C. (2000). Critical Discourse Analysis. Annual Review of Anthropology, 29(1), 447–466. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.anthro.29.1.447
Caraig, R., & Quimbo, M. (2022). Assessing Reading Comprehension Difficulties in Core Science Subjects of Senior High School Students in a private School in Calamba City, Philippines. International Journal of Curriculum and Instruction, 14(3), 1983–2010. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1364296.pdf
Fasinro, K. (2024). Curriculum Implementation: Challenges and The Prospect of Education Resource Centres to Aid Effective Implementation. African Educational Research Journal, 12(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.30918/aerj.121.23.102
Ghafar, Z. N. (2023). The Relevance of Time Management in Academic Achievement: a Critical Review of the Literature. International Journal of Applied and Scientific Research, 1(4), 347–358. https://doi.org/10.59890/ijasr.v1i4.1008
Gumilar, S., & Ismail, A. (2023). The Representation of Laboratory Activities in Indonesian Physics Textbooks: A Content Analysis. Research in Science and Technological Education, 41(2), 614–634. https://doi.org/10.1080/02635143.2021.1928045
Gunawardena, M., & Wilson, K. (2021). Scaffolding Students’ Critical Thinking: A Process Not an End Game. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 41(May), 100848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2021.100848
Indana Zulfa, S., Kusairi, S., & Kurniawan, F. (2025). Exploration of High School Students’ Difficulties on Newton’s Law Material with Isomorphic Tests. Kasuari: Physics Education Journal (KPEJ), 8(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37891/kpej.v8i1.851
Kvellestad, R. V., Stana, I., & Vatn, G. (2021). Working Together: Cooperation or Collaboration? FormAkademisk, 14(4), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.7577/FORMAKADEMISK.4648
Lin, R., & Chen, G. (2025). Optimizing Student Performance: the Impact of Time Management Strategies. Sadhana - Academy Proceedings in Engineering Sciences, 50(3), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12046-025-02786-y
Malkoc, S. A., & Tonietto, G. N. (2019). Activity versus outcome maximization in time management. Current Opinion in Psychology, 26, 49–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.04.017
Matlala, L. S. (2025). Navigating Program Evaluation Amid Health Crises: Evaluator’s Experiences on conducting Virtual Focus Group Discussions. Evaluation and Program Planning, 111(February), 102568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2025.102568
Munawarah, & Rahayu, S. (2025). The Evolution of Education in Indonesia: A Study of the 2013 Curriculum, the Independent Curriculum, and Inclusive Education in the Digital Era. Dirundeng International Journal of English Education (DIJEE), 1(1), 12–18. https://ejournal.staindirundeng.ac.id/index.php/dijee/article/view/4509
Örnek, F., & Alaam, S. (2025). Five Essential Features of Scientific Inquiry in Bahraini Primary School Science Textbooks and Workbooks. In Science and Education (Vol. 34, Issue 3). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11191-024-00523-1
Pramudita, F., Suryadi, A., & Suwarna, I. P. (2025). Development of a Direct Current Electric Circuit Teaching Aid to Improve Students’ Science Process Skills. Kasuari: Physics Education Journal (KPEJ), 8(1), 187–203. https://doi.org/10.37891/kpej.v8i1.909
Putri, M. T., & Pranata, O. D. (2024). Merdeka Curriculum Implementation at Secondary Schools : Science Teachers’ Perspective. IJECA (International Journal of Education and Curriculum Application), 7(3), 331–345. https://doi.org/10.31764/ijeca.v7i3.26282
Ramezani, S. G., & Mostafavi, Z. S. (2025). Developing and Validating a Comprehensive Scale for accreditation Standards and Quality Assurance in E-Learning Institutions. Education and Information Technologies, 30(May), 21139–21187. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-025-13587-5
Richards, J. B., Hayes, M. M., & Schwartzstein, R. M. (2020). Teaching Clinical Reasoning and Critical Thinking: From Cognitive Theory to Practical Application. Chest, 158(4), 1617–1628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2020.05.525
Saengrith, W., Viriyavejakul, C., & Pimdee, P. (2022). Problem-Based Blended Training via Chatbot to Enhance the Problem-Solving Skill in the Workplace. Emerging Science Journal, 6(Special Issue), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.28991/ESJ-2022-SIED-01
Sarah, L. L., & Suwarma, I. R. (2022). Fisika untuk SMA/MA Kelas XII. Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi.
Shofiullah, S., Shamim, C. A. H., Islam, M. M., & Sumi, S. S. (2024). Comparative Analysis of Cost and Benefits Between Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Projects: Capitalizing Engineering Management for Strategic Optimization. Academic Journal on Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics Education, 4(3), 103–112. https://doi.org/10.69593/ajsteme.v4i03.100
Tannen, D., Hamilton, H. E., & Schiffrin, D. (2015). The Handbook of Discourse Analysis: Vol. I. John Wiley & Sons.
Thatcher, R. W., & John, E. R. (2021). Foundations of Cognitive Processes. Foundations of Cognitive Processes, 1, 1–402. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003162315
Wallsten, T. S. (2024). Cognitive Processes in Choice and Decision Behavior. Taylor & Francis
Yafie, E., Setyaningsih, D., Lestariningrum, A., Saodi, S., Herlina, H., & Wiranata, I. G. L. A. (2024). Exploring Merdeka Curriculum Implementation in Diverse Preschools Settings: A Comparative Analysis of Principal Perceptions in Public and Private Schools with Varied Accreditation Levels. Participatory Educational Research, 11(5), 41–58. https://doi.org/10.17275/per.24.63.11.5
Yolanda, D., & Pranata, O. D. (2024). Studi Pembelajaran Sains: Content Overload dan Peran Media Pembelajaran. Natural Science: Jurnal Penelitian Bidang IPA dan Pendidikan IPA, 10(2), 192–204. https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.15548/nsc.v10i2.6776
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Universitas Papua

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
License and Copyright Agreement
In submitting the manuscript to the journal, the authors certify that:
- They are authorized by their co-authors to enter into these arrangements.
- The work described has not been formally published before, except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, thesis, or overlay journal. Please also carefully read Kasuari: Physics Education Journal Posting Your Article Policy at http://journalfkipunipa.org/index.php/kpef/about
- That it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere,
- That its publication has been approved by all the author(s) and by the responsible authorities tacitly or explicitly of the institutes where the work has been carried out.
- They secure the right to reproduce any material that has already been published or copyrighted elsewhere.
- They agree to the following license and copyright agreement.
Copyright
Authors who publish with Kasuari: Physics Education Journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
Whatsapp 